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Investigation on the performance and detoxification of modified low temperature coal tar pitch

Fengyan SUN, Yu LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 315-321 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0386-x

摘要： In this paper, studies on the modification on the low temperature coal tar pitch extracted from coal tar residue in Inner Mongolia are conducted. First, the low temperature coal tar pitch in liquid state is solidified with a higher softening point by chemical crosslinking modification. The modified coal tar pitch can achieve the standard pavement performance requirements. Then, the effects of chemical crosslinking agent and physical modification additives on the mechanical performance and toxic properties of coal tar pitch are investigated. The detoxification mechanism is also studied, which further promote the applicability of modified low temperature coal tar pitch in the pavement constructions.

关键词： coal tar pitch     low temperature     modification     detoxification    

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An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 293-300 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0403-0

摘要： Rising oil price has brought huge cost pressure for low grade highway construction, and it is urgent to find alternative resources. At the same time, there are nearly 50000–60000 tons of low temperature coal output in inner Mongolia region, China, which has high toxicity and high polluting. To make the low temperature coal be applicable for road constructions, the formaldehyde is used as cross linking agent, the concentrated sulfuric acid is used as catalyst, and the chemical modification of low temperature coal tar pitch in Inner Mongolia region is investigated. The road performance (softening point, penetration and ductility) of modified low temperature coal are tested. Results shown that the road performance of modified low temperature coal is increased significantly. Modification mechanism of low temperature coal is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and other analytical tools. Results show that, in the modified low temperature coal, resin content increases and the resin fiber diameter becomes larger with the increasing of formaldehyde content.

关键词： low temperature     coal tar pitch     modification     road performance    

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西部地区富油煤开发利用潜力分析和技术体系构想

王双明 ,王虹 ,任世华 ,董书宁,郑德志 ,谭克龙 ,侯恩科, 王生全 ,曲洋,焦小淼

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 49-57 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.006

摘要：

西部地区富油煤资源量丰富，具备产业规模化发展的资源基础；科学认识富油煤的油气资源属性，推动以油气为主要产品的富油煤开发与转化，是增加国内油气供给、缓解油气对外依存度、保障国家能源安全的战略方向。本文依据现阶段煤炭资源的勘查成果，估算了西部地区富油煤资源潜力；系统梳理了西部地区富油煤开发利用的现状和存在问题；针对碳达峰、碳中和战略目标，智能绿色开发，弥补油气不足等新要求，论证提出了西部地区富油煤开发利用的基本理念与技术构想。研究认为，富油煤的开发利用，需要着重突破高精度综合勘查、高回采率开采、井下原位热解、热解气化一体化、原位热解半焦CO2封存等关键技术。研究建议，将富油煤纳入非常规油气资源管理，加大富油煤开发利用科技攻关，设立富油煤开发利用国家级示范区，推动西部地区新能源和富油煤协同开发，由此发挥富油煤作为煤基油气资源的特殊优势、实现煤炭资源低碳高值利用。

关键词： 富油煤；西部地区；煤基油气资源；资源潜力；开发利用；技术体系    

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Experimental study on influence of operating parameters on tar components from corn straw gasification

Shuai GUO, Xiao WEI, Deyong CHE, Hongpeng LIU, Baizhong SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 374-383 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0710-3

摘要： Gasification is a promising approach for converting solid fuel sources, including renewable ones like biomass, for use. The main problem in biomass gasification is the formation of condensable tars, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This paper investigated the conversion of tar components during corn straw gasification. It analyzed collected tar components using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph (GC-MS). Experimental results indicate that, with increasing temperature from 700°C to 900°C, the concentrations of benzene, indene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, and pyrene increased whereas those of toluene, phenol, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene decreased. As the equivalence ratio (ER) increased from 0.21 to 0.34, the concentrations of indene and phenanthrene increased from 0.148% and 0.087% to 0.232% and 0.223%, respectively. Further, the phenol content increased as ER increased from 0.21 to 0.26 and then decreased as the ER increased further to 0.34. Other parameters like the steam/biomass (S/B) ratio and catalyst also played a critical role in tar reduction. This paper demonstrates the conversion of some tar components and elucidates their chemical properties during gasification.

关键词： gasification     tar components     operating parameters    

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Steam reforming of toluene as a tar model compound with modified nickel-based catalyst

Omeralfaroug KHALIFA, Mingxin XU, Rongjun ZHANG, Tahir IQBAL, Mingfeng LI, Qiang LU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 492-501 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0721-8

摘要： Catalytic steam reforming is a promising route for tar conversion to high energy syngas in the process of biomass gasification. However, the catalyst deactivation caused by the deposition of residual carbon is still a major challenge. In this paper, a modified Ni-based Ni-Co/Al O -CaO (Ni-Co/AC) catalyst and a conventional Ni/Al O (Ni/A) catalyst were prepared and tested for tar catalytic removal in which toluene was selected as the model component. Experiments were conducted to reveal the influences of the reaction temperature and the ratio between steam to carbon on the toluene conversion and the hydrogen yield. The physicochemical properties of the modified Ni-based catalyst were determined by a series of characterization methods. The results indicated that the Ni-Co alloy was determined over the Ni-Co/AC catalyst. The doping of CaO and the presence of Ni-Co alloy promoted the performance of toluene catalytic dissociation over Ni-Co/AC catalyst compared with that over Ni/A catalyst. After testing in steam for 40 h, the carbon conversion over Ni-Co/AC maintained above 86% and its resistance to carbon deposition was superior to Ni/A catalyst.

关键词： catalytic steam reforming     tar model compound     Ni-based catalyst     carbon resistance    

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Development of a redundant anthropomorphic hydraulically actuated manipulator with a roll–pitch–yaw spherical

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第4期   页码 698-710 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0646-2

摘要： The demand for redundant hydraulic manipulators that can implement complex heavy-duty tasks in unstructured areas is increasing; however, current manipulator layouts that remarkably differ from human arms make intuitive kinematic operation challenging to achieve. This study proposes a seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) redundant anthropomorphic hydraulically actuated manipulator with a novel roll–pitch–yaw spherical wrist. A hybrid series–parallel mechanism is presented to achieve the spherical wrist design, which consists of two parallel linear hydraulic cylinders to drive the yaw/pitch 2-DOF wrist plate connected serially to the roll structure. Designed as a 1R PRRR-1S PU mechanism (“R”, “P”, “S”, and “U” denote revolute, prismatic, spherical, and universal joints, respectively; the underlined letter indicates the active joint), the 2-DOF parallel structure is partially decoupled to obtain simple forward/inverse kinematic solutions in which a closed-loop subchain “R PRR” is included. The 7-DOF manipulator is then designed, and its third joint axis goes through the spherical center to obtain closed-form inverse kinematic computation. The analytical inverse kinematic solution is drawn by constructing self-motion manifolds. Finally, a physical prototype is developed, and the kinematic analysis is validated via numerical simulation and test results.

关键词： hydraulic manipulator     inverse kinematic     redundant design     spherical wrist    

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Catalytic steam reforming of tar for enhancing hydrogen production from biomass gasification: a review

Ru Shien TAN, Tuan Amran TUAN ABDULLAH, Anwar JOHARI, Khairuddin MD ISA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 545-569 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0800-2

摘要： Presently, the global search for alternative renewable energy sources is rising due to the depletion of fossil fuel and rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among alternatives, hydrogen (H ) produced from biomass gasification is considered a green energy sector, due to its environmentally friendly, sustainable, and renewable characteristics. However, tar formation along with syngas is a severe impediment to biomass conversion efficiency, which results in process-related problems. Typically, tar consists of various hydrocarbons (HCs), which are also sources for syngas. Hence, catalytic steam reforming is an effective technique to address tar formation and improve H production from biomass gasification. Of the various classes in existence, supported metal catalysts are considered the most promising. This paper focuses on the current researching status, prospects, and challenges of steam reforming of gasified biomass tar. Besides, it includes recent developments in tar compositional analysis, supported metal catalysts, along with the reactions and process conditions for catalytic steam reforming. Moreover, it discusses alternatives such as dry and autothermal reforming of tar.

关键词： hydrogen     biomass gasification     tar     steam reforming     catalyst    

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Power maximization of variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines using passive adaptive neural fault

Hamed HABIBI, Hamed RAHIMI NOHOOJI, Ian HOWARD

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 377-388 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0431-4

摘要：

Power maximization has always been a practical consideration in wind turbines. The question of how to address optimal power capture, especially when the system dynamics are nonlinear and the actuators are subject to unknown faults, is significant. This paper studies the control methodology for variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines including the effects of uncertain nonlinear dynamics, system fault uncertainties, and unknown external disturbances. The nonlinear model of the wind turbine is presented, and the problem of maximizing extracted energy is formulated by designing the optimal desired states. With the known system, a model-based nonlinear controller is designed; then, to handle uncertainties, the unknown nonlinearities of the wind turbine are estimated by utilizing radial basis function neural networks. The adaptive neural fault tolerant control is designed passively to be robust on model uncertainties, disturbances including wind speed and model noises, and completely unknown actuator faults including generator torque and pitch actuator torque. The Lyapunov direct method is employed to prove that the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded. Simulation studies are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： wind turbine nonlinear model     maximum power tracking     passive fault tolerant control     adaptive neural control    

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Transversal tube pitch effects on local heat transfer characteristics of the flat tube bank fin mounted

Liangbi WANG, Zhimin LIN, Kangjie SUN, Yuanxin DONG, Song LIU, Yongheng ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 333-345 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0061-6

摘要： The tube bank fin is commonly used to increase the area of the heat transfer surface with a small heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger. If vortex generators (VGs) are punched on the fin surface, the heat transfer performance of the fin can be improved. This paper focused on the effect of transversal tube pitch on the local heat transfer performance of the three-row flat tube bank fin mounted with VGs. On the fin surface, constructing the flow channel but without mounted VGs, the transversal tube pitch was greater, and the span averaged Nusselt number downstream was larger because fewer interactions of vortices would be generated from different VGs located upstream. When the area goodness factor was used as the criteria on the condition of one tube unit of heat exchanger for commonly used fin materials and fin thickness, the transversal tube pitch has considerable effect on the heat transfer enhancement of VGs. Large transversal tube pitch is more sensitive to fin material than to fin thickness.

关键词： heat transfer enhancement     vortex generator     finned flat tube bank     heat exchanger    

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变距/摆振耦合对直升机空中共振稳定性的影响

薛海峰,向锦武,张晓谷,李书强

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第9期   页码 58-62

摘要：

采用多桨叶坐标转换和复数坐标 变换等方法，研究了变距/摆振耦合对直升 机空中共振的影响；推导出完全引入变距/ 摆振耦合的直升机空中共振分析公式，建立 了相应的分析模型和计算程序。利用系统的 特征值研究了直升机空中共振的动不稳定性， 得出变距/摆振耦合对直升机空中共振的影响 ；通过系统的特征向量与各自由度之间的相互 作用（能量关系）的研究，揭示了空中共振机理 ，以某型直升机为例进行了计算分析。研究表明 ：正的变距/摆振耦合可以抑制旋翼/机体耦合 系统的动不稳定性，在同时存在挥舞/摆振耦合 和正的变距/摆振耦合时，直升机的旋翼/机体 耦合系统为绝对稳定。

关键词： 直升机     动不稳定性     直升机空中共振     变距/摆振耦合    

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新一代煤化工和洁净煤技术利用现状分析与对策建议

谢克昌

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第6期   页码 15-24

摘要：

在论述煤炭的战略地位、利用现状和分析新一代煤化工技术与洁净煤技术利用现状的基础上，以科学规划所应遵循的原则，结合作者的科研实践，提出了我国发展新一代煤化工和洁净煤利用技术的建议。

关键词： 煤化工     洁净煤技术     对策    

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Management and Practice of Large-Scale Modern Coal Enterprises

An Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 13-17 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014004

摘要： As the coal-dominated energy structure will remain unchanged in the short term, the sustainable development of the coal industry is still serving as one of the foundations for the sound development of the national economy. The construction of modernized mines based on "four orientations", that is, orientations of scale production, modern technology and equipment, informationized management and professional working team, has been rapidly enhancing its development in the recent decade. However, in the next decade or an even longer period, the industry, with the energy centre shifting to the West of China, will be exposed to new options and development in the layout, structure, model, technology, etc.

关键词： coal industry     sustainable development     the four-orientation model    

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Managing Innovation: Accelerating the Development of Clean Coal Technology

Ya-juan Sun,Guo-qing Wang,Yan Wang,Ning Zhang,Zhen-qi Zhu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 86-92 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015013

摘要： Coal gasification technology concerns the clean, efficient utilization of coal, providing a core solution to address its negative environmental image and impact. Presently, China is pursuing the development of coal gasification technology despite industry setbacks, limited progress and elusive solutions due to limited specialty materials, technological shortfalls and intellectual expertise. The most prominent challenges to overcome include unbalanced research and project scale development issues followed by an excessive emphasis on equipment manufacturing rather than responsible management practices. The ENN Group explored these industry shortcomings to develop a comprehensive management philosophy that is specifically tailored to overcome these fundamental hurdles. Such innovative solutions include the Centralized Innovation Camp, TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) training, Extensive Alliance Network and enhanced process management, focusing upon engineering, quality assurance and process efficiency with the overall objective of industrial scale application. As a result, ENN’s Clean Coal Technologies include: Coal Hydro-gasification, Supercritical Coal Gasification, Catalytic Coal Gasification and Underground Coal Gasification, having successfully completed all pilot plant testing requirements and the construction of demonstration commercial units.

关键词： coal technology     coal gasification     innovation     management     clean     ENN    

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On the fouling mechanism of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane in the treatment of coal gasification

Xue Zou,Jin Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 490-498 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1600-4

摘要： Membrane fouling has been investigated by using a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 20 kDa to treat crushed coal pressurized gasification wastewater. Under the conditions of different feed pressures, the permeate flux declines and rejection coefficients of pollutants referring to three parameters (total organic carbon (TOC), chroma and turbidity) were studied. The membrane fouling mechanism was simulated with three classical membrane fouling models. The membrane image and pollutants were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrography (GC-MS). The results indicate that the permeate flux decreases with volume reduction factor before reaching a constant value. The rejection coefficients were also measured: = 70.5%, = 84.9% and = 91%. Further analysis shows that the higher the feed pressure is, the sooner the permeate flux reaches constant value and the more sharply the permeate flux declines. Constant flux indicates a nonlinear growth with feed pressure ( ): when equals 1.2 bar, the mark for the critical flux, slight membrane fouling occurs; when exceeds 1.2 bar, cake layer pollution aggravates. Also the rejection coefficients of global pollutant increases slightly with , suggesting the possibility of cake compression when exceeds 1.2 bar. Through regression analysis, the fouling of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane could be fitted very well by cake filtration model. The membrane pollutants were identified as phthalate esters and long-chain alkenes by GC-MS, and a certain amount of inorganic pollutants by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

关键词： membrane fouling     ultrafiltration membrane     coal gasification wastewater     rejection coefficient    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Investigation on the performance and detoxification of modified low temperature coal tar pitch

Fengyan SUN, Yu LIU

期刊论文

An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

期刊论文

西部地区富油煤开发利用潜力分析和技术体系构想

王双明 ,王虹 ,任世华 ,董书宁,郑德志 ,谭克龙 ,侯恩科, 王生全 ,曲洋,焦小淼

期刊论文

Experimental study on influence of operating parameters on tar components from corn straw gasification

Shuai GUO, Xiao WEI, Deyong CHE, Hongpeng LIU, Baizhong SUN

期刊论文

Steam reforming of toluene as a tar model compound with modified nickel-based catalyst

Omeralfaroug KHALIFA, Mingxin XU, Rongjun ZHANG, Tahir IQBAL, Mingfeng LI, Qiang LU

期刊论文

Development of a redundant anthropomorphic hydraulically actuated manipulator with a roll–pitch–yaw spherical

期刊论文

Catalytic steam reforming of tar for enhancing hydrogen production from biomass gasification: a review

Ru Shien TAN, Tuan Amran TUAN ABDULLAH, Anwar JOHARI, Khairuddin MD ISA

期刊论文

Power maximization of variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines using passive adaptive neural fault

Hamed HABIBI, Hamed RAHIMI NOHOOJI, Ian HOWARD

期刊论文

Transversal tube pitch effects on local heat transfer characteristics of the flat tube bank fin mounted

Liangbi WANG, Zhimin LIN, Kangjie SUN, Yuanxin DONG, Song LIU, Yongheng ZHANG,

期刊论文

变距/摆振耦合对直升机空中共振稳定性的影响

薛海峰,向锦武,张晓谷,李书强

期刊论文

Innovative approach of low carbon and efficient utilization of coal resources: The polygeneration systemof a combination of the gasified coal gas and the pyrolyzed coal gas to form the synthetic gas

Kechang XIE, Fan LI

期刊论文

新一代煤化工和洁净煤技术利用现状分析与对策建议

谢克昌

期刊论文

Management and Practice of Large-Scale Modern Coal Enterprises

An Wang

期刊论文

Managing Innovation: Accelerating the Development of Clean Coal Technology

Ya-juan Sun,Guo-qing Wang,Yan Wang,Ning Zhang,Zhen-qi Zhu

期刊论文

On the fouling mechanism of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane in the treatment of coal gasification

Xue Zou,Jin Li

期刊论文